AquaSat v2 — Industrial Cooling Water Modeler

Water Makeup & Operating Specs Davies / Pitzer

⚡ Load Industrial Water Benchmark Preset

Auto-fills all 10 ionic concentrations, pH, and baseline temperatures from verified USGS/PHREEQC benchmarks.

Profile / Cooling Tower Name ⓘ

Makeup pH ⓘ

Acid Target pH ⓘ

Bulk Temp (°C) ⓘ

Skin-Film Temp (°C) ⓘ

Max Concentration Cycles ⓘ

Cycle Steps ⓘ

Mineral Inhibitor Class (CSR Limit) ⓘ

Ions Analysis (mg/L as free ion)

Ca²⁺ ⓘ

Mg²⁺ ⓘ

Na⁺ ⓘ

K⁺ ⓘ

HCO₃⁻ ⓘ

SO₄²⁻ ⓘ

Cl⁻ ⓘ

Ba²⁺ ⓘ

SiO₂ ⓘ

PO₄³⁻ (Total) ⓘ

Saturation Index vs. Concentration Cycles (Atmospheric CO₂ Stripping) USGS WATEQ4F / PHREEQC Retrograde Solubilities

Carbon Steel 1010 ⓘ

-- mpy

Awaiting calculation

Copper CDA 443 ⓘ

-- mpy

Awaiting calculation

Larson-Skold Index ⓘ

Ratio

LSI (Langelier) ⓘ

Equilibrium index

RSI (Ryznar) ⓘ

Stability index

Corrosion Inhibitor Dosage & Water Parameters

Ortho-Phosphate PO₄ (ppm) — Anodic Passivator ⓘ

0 ppm6.0 ppm16 ppm

Soluble Zinc Zn²⁺ (ppm) — Cathodic Passivator ⓘ

0 ppm1.0 ppm3.0 ppm

Azole (TTA / BZT ppm) — Copper Passivator ⓘ

0 ppm2.0 ppm5.0 ppm

Electrochemical Water Drivers

Corrosion Temp (°C) ⓘ

Water pH ⓘ

Chlorides (mg/L Cl⁻) ⓘ

Sulfates (mg/L SO₄²⁻) ⓘ

Bicarbonate (mg/L HCO₃⁻) ⓘ

Calcium (mg/L Ca²⁺) ⓘ

Corrosion & Stability Metric Preference ⓘ

Industrial Metallurgy Corrosion Guidelines & Interpretation (SI Metric / Imperial)

Alloy / Parameter	Corrosion Rate (mm/yr & mpy)	Threshold Guideline (SI Metric / Imperial)	System Status
Carbon Steel AISI 1010 ⓘ	--	< 0.025 mm/yr (< 1 mpy): Excellent 0.025 - 0.076 mm/yr (1 - 3 mpy): Good / Acceptable > 0.127 mm/yr (> 5 mpy): Severe Attack	--
Copper CDA 443 / Brass ⓘ	--	< 0.005 mm/yr (< 0.2 mpy): Excellent 0.005 - 0.013 mm/yr (0.2 - 0.5 mpy): Good > 0.013 mm/yr (> 0.5 mpy): Elevated Attack	--
Larson-Skold Index ⓘ	--	< 0.8: Low Corrosivity 0.8 - 1.2: Moderate Risk > 1.2: Severe Pitting Risk	--
Ryznar Stability Index (RSI) ⓘ	--	< 5.5: Heavy Scaling 6.0 - 7.0: Light Scale / Stable > 7.8: Aggressive Corrosion	--
Puckorius Index (PSI) ⓘ	--	< 6.0: Scaling Tendency 6.0 - 7.0: Stable Water > 7.0: Corrosive Tendency	--

Annual Utility Cost Savings ⓘ

$0 / yr

Combined Water + Sewer ($2.70/m³)

Annual Water Saved ⓘ

0 m³/yr

0 m³/day

Blowdown Volume Cut ⓘ

0.0 m³/hr reduction

Evaporation Duty ⓘ

673.2 m³/hr

Thermal duty: E = 0.00153·Q·ΔT

Cooling Tower Hydraulic Operating Parameters (SI Metric)

Recirculation Flow Rate Q_R (m³/hr) ⓘ

Industrial baseline: 44,000 m³/hr (~193,726 GPM)

Tower Thermal Range ΔT (°C) ⓘ

Evaporation rate: E = 0.00153 × 44,000 × 10.0 = 673.2 m³/hr

Initial Cycles (Current) ⓘ

Target Cycles (Optimized) ⓘ

Utility Tariffs ($ / m³)

Raw Water Makeup ($/m³)

Sewer Discharge ($/m³)

Cooling Tower Hydraulic Balance Comparison (m³/hr)

Active Germicidal HOCl ⓘ

--%

-- ppm active

Active Germicidal HOBr ⓘ

--%

Bromine chemistry

Chlorine Dosage Multiplier

1.0x

vs. pH 7.2 baseline

Morris (1966) pKa (HOCl) ⓘ

7.54

at 25.0°C

Halogen Disinfection Controls

Operating Water pH ⓘ

Bulk Water Temp (°C) ⓘ

Target Free Available Halogen (ppm as Cl₂)

Biocide Operational Guidance:

Halogen Dissociation Curve: Active HOCl & HOBr vs. pH

Chemical Treatment Specifications (SI Metric) Automated Program

Cooling System Water Volume V_sys (m³) ⓘ

Basis for hydraulic residence half-life (t_1/2) & passivator/biocide slug dosing (5,000 m³ ~ 1.32M gal)

Recirculation Flow Q_R (m³/hr) ⓘ

Thermal Range ΔT (°C) ⓘ

Heat Exchanger Skin-Film Temp T_skin (°C) ⓘ Standard Duty

Governs phosphonate thermal cleavage (ATMP < 50°C, HEDP < 60°C, PBTC ≤ 85°C), high-flux dosage scaling, and retrograde calcite supersaturation.

Operating Concentration Cycles (CoC) ⓘ

Blowdown flow derived strictly as: B = E / (CoC - 1)

Preferred Phosphonate Selection ⓘ

Corrosion & Scaling Metric Preference ⓘ

Target Basin pH (Acid Setpoint) ⓘ

Metallurgy Present in System

Carbon Steel (AISI 1010) — Passivation Required (Target ≤ 0.076 mm/yr) Copper & Admiralty Brass (CDA 443) — Azole Required (Target ≤ 0.005 mm/yr) Stainless Steel (304 / 316)

Environmental Discharge Limits

Max PO₄ Discharge (ppm)

Max Zn Discharge (ppm)

Biocide Regimen Preference

Active Program Strategy

PBTC Program

Threshold Scale Control

Total Daily Feed Rate ⓘ

0.0 kg/day

0.0 L/hr (0.0 L/day)

Annual Chemical Usage ⓘ

0 L/yr

0 drums (200 L) | 0 totes

Acid Demand Status ⓘ

No Acid Required

Alkaline operating mode

🎯 Optimal Cycles of Concentration (Best CoC Optimization) ⓘ

Multi-constraint optimization: Maximizes water savings while preventing scale, metallurgy corrosion, biofouling, and SRB-induced MIC.

Best CoC: -- Cycles

Cycles	Blowdown (m³/hr) ⓘ	Savings (m³/day) ⓘ	Annual Savings ($/yr) ⓘ	Scale Evaluation	Corrosion Metric Eval	Biofouling / MIC Risk ⓘ	Operating Feasibility

Recommended Cooling Water Chemical Treatment Program ⓘ

Based on Tower Blowdown: B = E / (CoC - 1)

Chemical & Product	Category	Target Dose	Continuous Feed ⓘ	Feed Volume ⓘ	Annual Packaging ⓘ	Slug / Passivation	Injection Point	Technical Rationale

Industrial Phosphonate & Polymer Technical Comparison Matrix HEDP • ATMP • DTPMP • PBTC • PMA

Direct performance benchmarking across major commercial scale inhibitors at current blowdown flow rates.

Product	Chemical Class	Active / Comm Dose	Feed (kg/day) ⓘ	Feed (L/day & L/hr) ⓘ	Halogen Stability	Calcium Tolerance	Calcite Limit (SI) ⓘ	Sulfate / Barite Limit ⓘ	Thermal Stability ⓘ	Status

Microbiological & Legionella Control Regimen Dual Program

Chemical Incompatibility & Plant Safety Matrix 0 Alerts